Wednesday, April 11, 2018

Cartagena, the last few days


Our hotel turned out to be in a great location, close enough to walk almost anywhere in the old city, yet far enough away from the most tourist-swamped locations. Our room itself was quite small, but the  roof-top seating area, just a short flight of stairs up, provided some shade and usually a light breeze in the afternoon and a quiet enough place to sit outside in the evening, so the size of the room didn't matter much, and the air condition made it possible to sleep comfortably. As mentioned earlier, Calle Tripita y Media is part of the Getsemaní neighbourhood, with its share of nice colonial houses, but still an area where people live and work and where hardware stores, repair shops, butchers, tailors, hairdressers and small tiendas – stores – are visited more by locals than tourists. People walk as much in the street as on the narrow sidewalk, stepping aside for cars or the many hand-pushed three-wheeled carts with which anything from fruits and vegetables to machinery parts is transported. Breakfast was included in our hotel stay, but the hotel itself didn’t have a restaurant; instead, we walked a few metres down the street to a small restaurant with which the ‘Casa Victoria’ had a breakfast arrangement. Here, we could sit right by the open door and watch the early morning crowd pass by while eating our typical Colombian breakfast of a plate of fruit and freshly squeezed ‘jugo’ – fruit juice - , scrambled eggs with tomato and onion, arepas (a staple Colombian food: thick fried pancakes made with maize flour, served on their own or with cheese or other ingredients), patacones (thinly sliced fried green plantain), or, if desired, bread, though mostly white and untoasted. We got quite used to the patacones, which are thin and crispy, though not so much to the arepas, at least not for every day. 


Unvaryingly, by the time we were ready for the day’s explorations it was already hot – not that it cooled down much at night anyway: at about 25 degrees Celsius an air conditioned room, or at least one with a fan, was very much appreciated. During the day, at 30 to 33 degrees, it was advisable to stick as much as possible to the shady side of the street. Close to the beach the breeze made it more pleasant, but in the maze of narrow streets it was like walking in an oven. 





On Sunday we explored Getsemaní, enjoying the colonial houses in bright, contrasting colours, sometimes quite daring, taking in the atmosphere and getting oriented. We crossed the ring road to walk along the waterfront for a while, not directly on the sandy beach as on the first day because here only a narrow band of huge yellowish coral rocks separated the road from the ocean, and spray from the breakers sometimes reached us on the sidewalk. After a while we crossed back over and walked for a while on the wall surrounding all of old-town Cartagena, also called ‘The walled city’, 11 km length in total. 


This battlement was part of the fortification built to defend Cartagena, once Spain’s most important port in the Americas, against attackers of all sorts. We visited the Castillo San Felipe de Barajas on Monday (see next post).
 
India Catalina


Inquiring about city tours at one of the hostels we found out that a free walking tour – in English - started at ten every morning at the naval museum, so that’s where we were headed on Tuesday morning. This was a great decision! Edgar, our very knowledgeable guide, introduced many of the city’s historically important places to us and managed to do it in an entertaining way. We heard about the city’s founder, the Spanish commander Pedro de Heredia, and his indigenous guide India Catalina whose statue we saw on our way to the airport the next day. Small replicas of the statue are handed out at the Cartagena Film Festival – ‘our Oscar’, Edgar joked. We stopped at the triangular Plaza de los Coches where slaves were sold after being brought to Cartagena from Africa. They played a major role in part of the construction of Castillo San Felipe de Barajas, for instance, and were brought to many different parts of South America from here. Now, several plaques throughout the old city remind of the fate of these men and women. 
 

We had originally planned to visit the small town of Palenque, about an hour and a half’s drive from Cartagena, which was founded by escaped slaves in the 17th century. Their leader, Benkos Bioho, led other escaped slaves to this place where they established a palenque – a walled city – the first one of many all over Latin America and the only one still inhabited by descendants of the original inhabitants. Here, they continue to preserve their African heritage – Palenquero language, music, cuisine, dress and traditions – and in 2005 the village was declared Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. To have the full benefit of a visit to the town we would have needed a guide, and none was available for the two remaining days. We did see the Palenquero women in the squares of Cartagena, however. With their colourful dresses and huge platters of fruit on their heads they are favourite photo objects for tourists. We were also lucky to watch a high energy dance performance by a group of young Palenqueros in one of the parks on Sunday. 


Edgar explained that the houses in the old city are built in two styles, either one-story laid out around a courtyard, or two-story. We had admired the bold colours and beautiful balconies. Now we learned that the houses had been white and black until the cruise ships brought a much bigger influx of tourists. Now, the government decreed that houses were to have bright colours, and people have to follow their guidelines regarding colours, plus, of course, the preservation of the historic city is assured as a UNESCO world heritage site. According to Edgar the wooden balconies stem from the colonial era. 








 



For me, one of the especially fascinating things in the old city were the beautiful door knockers. I had noted that they came mainly in four distinct shapes: lion, fish, mermaid and lizard. Now, during the tour, we heard that these had some significance going back to colonial times: fish and mermaids indicated that the owner had something to do with fishing and the sea, while lions represented power and strength. Lizards belonged to the most highly regarded families. One kind of knocker I didn’t get to photograph was the hand, representing the clergy. I could have spent days walking around looking at the different knockers on these massive wooden doors.
 








And finally it came, our last day in Colombia. Our flight to Bogotá left at a quarter past five in the afternoon, so we had plenty of time to get to the airport after checking out of our hotel at one. We decided not to take a taxi but walk to the bus stop where the airport shuttle was supposed to leave. Once again I marvelled how, after only a few days, a city can become so familiar. Street names, buildings and landmarks take their place on the inner map and no longer need full concentration, making it possible to pay attention to many other things. I like that. 


At the bus stop we couldn’t find any white buses with green writing and an ‘airport’ sign in the window, but a collectivo, a regular taxi that takes as many people as can be fit in, was a good alternative, and likely even cheaper. The driver let us out at the turnoff to the airport where we had stood three weeks ago on our first night, trying to get our bearings as to where our hotel was. After the first couple of days spent in that area of Cartagena – Crespo – we had no trouble getting oriented here anymore either. We checked in at the Avianca counter, got rid of our big bag and had another couple of hours or so till boarding. What better way to spend them than having lunch at the restaurant where we had eaten on our first evening where Johann had been served ‘baby beef’ as tender and well prepared as in Argentina (was that really possible?) and I had enjoyed the first of many great seafood dishes of our stay. It wasn’t quite as good as we remembered – maybe the second time never is – but we enjoyed it, very conscious of the fact that this probably would be the last time in many weeks that we’d be able to sit outside to have lunch. 


How right we were with that assumption! We have been home for almost three weeks now, and it is still very much winter. Only the last three days the mercury managed to move past the freezing mark, and not by very much. But the starlings are back, I saw a red-tailed hawk a couple of days ago and gulls in the city yesterday, and here and there a solitary goose wings overhead, scouting, I assume, for the flocks waiting eagerly for this long winter to finally be over, just like us. 

Saturday, April 7, 2018

Castillo San Felipe de Barajas




On Monday we visited Castillo San Felipe de Barajas, together with the walled city a UNESCO world heritage site since 1984. 


It took us only twenty minutes or so to reach the castle. Since it was still relatively early we were surprised to see a long line-up of people at the ticket counter already. We had not taken into account that Cartagena is a favourite stop for cruise ships, and of course the castle is part of the city tour. 





Standing at the foot of the hill on which it is built it looked formidable, its high, bare walls forbidding in the already glaring sun. The castle itself is 160m wide and 260m long and was defended by 63 canons, as we soon learned – once we had figured out how to use the audio guide, which took a little while since the stations were not marked at the castle itself, only on the map we had received with the guide. We slowly made our way from one station to the next, heard how the fortification grew from the first defensive tower to the impregnable castle it had become by the end of the 18th century. The city was plundered after the Raid on Cartagena by French buccaneers in 1697. It was besieged by a large English armada commanded by Admiral Vernon in 1741, which ended with the English giving up due to a lost battle at the Castillo and the toll tropical diseases like malaria and yellow fever rampant in the swamps adjacent to the city took on the soldiers.


Then followed a period of relative calm and great prosperity, during which the grand colonial houses, palaces, libraries and printing establishments were built. The 275-year long period of Spanish rule came to an end with the Latin American wars of Independence. 


On November 11, 1811 the Declaration of Independence was signed. This independence was short-lived, however: in 1815 Spain sent a ‘Pacifying Expedition’ and placed the city under siege from August to the beginning of December. The citizens were starving, but they were determined not to give in. By the end of the siege, however, about 300 per day died of starvation or disease, so that the Spanish were finally able to enter the city. 

Finally, a patriot army laid siege to the city from August 1820 to October 1821 and was able to gain the upper hand. Simón Bolívar, the Venezuelan military and political leader who played a central part in the establishment of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama as sovereign states, gave Cartagena the title ‘La Heroica’, the heroic city, for its determined resistance during the siege. 





Listening to the recounting of these historic events we gained ever more respect for the engineers of this huge walled fortification and the men defending it bravely, sometimes against huge odds. Looking at the highrises of the newer parts of the city it is hard to imagine that insect-ridden swamps once covered the area where they stand now, but after being exposed to sandflies and mosquitoes on our hikes we knew that they would have been a formidable ally for the defenders, especially since there were no means to treat the diseases they spread.
We admired the high, thick walls, gazed through the small openings through which tar was poured on attackers trying to scale them, and had a chance to see part of the strategically designed tunnel system in these walls where defenders lay in ambush. After almost two hours we finally stood on the Santa Barbara battery, the last station of our tour, the only ones except a policeman who had followed us down there, nodded a friendly greeting and was leaning against a post, probably happy for the shade, just like us. Was he there to make sure we weren’t up to any mischief or for our protection? Hard to tell; as everywhere in Cartagena, indeed in many places, there was a strong yet unobtrusive police presence at the Castillo, too. We stood under the roof covering the battery and looked up to the top of the Castillo. Whoever ended up at this battery at a battle would have been almost certain to lose his life here, cut off from the castle at this exposed spot. It wasn’t hard to imagine what it might have felt like when we looked across to the walls above.